托福TPO68阅读+题目+答案：Predicting Volcanic Eruptions

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托福TPO68阅读+题目+答案：Predicting Volcanic Eruptions

[Paragraph 1]Volcanoes are the landforms created when molten rock, or magma, escapes from vents in the Earth's surface and then solidifies around these vents. In any given year, roughly 50 of Earth's active volcanoes erupt — usually with some warning. Before they blow, they typically shake, swell, warm up, and belch a variety of gases. Scientists from the Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (VDAP)—part of the U.S. Geological Survey and based at the U.S. Geological Survey's Cascades Volcano Observatory in Vancouver, Washington—are always on call, ready when summoned to rush at a moments notice to an awakening volcano anywhere in the world; armed with the latest in lasers, seismometers, and other monitoring devices; they can assess the volcano's potential for violence and predict when it might ignite.

 1.(单选题)

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information

A.Scientists based at the U.S. Geological Survey Cascade Volcanic Observatory in Vancouver, Washington are always being asked to rush somewhere to predict when a volcano is likely to awake and; if it erupts, what damage it could do.

B.Armed with the latest technology, U.S Geological Survey scientists from the Volcano Disaster Assistance Program are always available to go anywhere in the world to assess whether, and when, an awakening volcano will erupt

C.In order to learn how to predict when an awakening volcano will erupt, scientists from the Volcano Disaster Assistance Program take the latest lasers, seismometers, and other monitoring devices wherever there is an awakening volcano.

D.US Geological Survey scientists from the Cascade Volcanic Observatory in Vancouver, Washington have the latest lasers, seismometers, and other monitoring devices which they use in assessing volcanoes worldwide to predict which of them will erupt violently.

[Paragraph 2] Geologists have enjoyed fair success in predicting individual eruptive episodes when they concentrate on a specific volcano after an eruptive phase has begun. These monitoring efforts involve carefully measuring changes in a volcano's surface temperature, watching for the slightest expansion in its slope, and keeping track of regional earthquake activity. A laboratory at the University of Washington in Seattle is staffed 24 hours a day to monitor the rumblings of Mount St Helens. Even with the advances brought by toda/s technology, however, the art of volcano prediction has not been fully mastered. The U.S. Geological Survey missed the call on Mount St. Helens’ 1980 blast despite the fact that the mountain was being watched closely by a large team of scientists armed with the latest in prediction technology It did successfully predict the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, evacuating virtually everyone within 25 kilometers (15 miles) before the volcano's powerful blast on May 17：1991.

 2.(单选题)

The fact that "The U S Geological Survey missed the call on Mount St. Helens' 1980 blast' supports which of the following points?

A.Monitoring efforts need to be combined with appropriate evacuation strategies.

B.Technology needs to be specifically designed to predict volcanoes.

C.‘ is easier to predict volcanoes in the Philippines than it is in Seattle

D.Even with the help of technology, it is still difficult to predict when volcanoes will erupt

3.(单选题)

Why does the author mention the successful prediction of "the eruption of Mount Pinatubo"?

A.To support the claim that the art of volcano prediction will never be fully mastered

B.To provide a contrast with the failure to predict the Mount St Helens eruption

C.To show that volcano prediction had been perfected by 1991

D.To show that successful volcano prediction depends on concentrating on the volcano after an eruptive phase has begun

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