2014年3月23日第二篇托福阅读真题+题目+答案解析：Early Modern Industrialization

本次考试的3篇阅读真题，分别为Environmental Impact of the Anasazi、Early Modern Industrialization、From Fish to Terrestrial Vertebrates。我们一一来分享。

2014年3月23日第二篇托福阅读真题+题目+答案解析：Early Modern Industrialization

Industrial output increased smartly across nearly all of Europe between 1450 and 1575. Although trade with the Americas had something to do with this, the main determinants of this industrial advance lay within Europe itself.

1. The word “determinants” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A.origins

B.long-term benefits

C.causes

D.effects

1.答案：C

题型：词汇题

解析：determinants“决定因素”，causes“原因”,origins“起源”;long-term benefits“长期利益”;effects“影响;效果”。

Population grew from 61 million in 1500 to 78 million a century later, and the proportion of Europeans living in cities of 10,000 or more--and thus dependent on the market for what they consumed--expanded from less than 6 percent to nearly 8 percent during the same period. More important than sheer numbers, many Europeans' incomes rose. This was especially true among more fully employed urban groups, farmers who benefited from higher prices and the intensifying commercialization and specialization in agriculture (which also led them to shed much non-agricultural production in favor of purchased goods), and landlords and other property owners who collected mounting rents. Government activities to build and strengthen the state were a stimulus to numerous industries, notably shipbuilding, textiles, and metallurgy. To cite just one example, France hastened to develop its own iron industry when the Hapsburgs--the family that governed much of Europe, and whom France fought repeatedly in the sixteenth century--came to dominate the manufacture of weapons in Germany and the cities of Liege and Milan, which boasted Europe's most advanced technology.

2. The word “hastened” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A.needed

B.rushed

C.decided

D.attempted

2.答案：B

题型：词汇题

解析：hasten“加速”，rush“匆忙地做”,need“需要”;decide“决定”;attempt“尝试”。

3. According to paragraph 2, the fact that more people lived in European cities meant that

A.more people had to purchase food and other basic necessities rather than producing these things themselves

B.industrial output increased because more people were available for employment in manufacturing

C.fewer people were available for agricultural work and thus farmers were forced to pay higher wages

D.more people competed for full-time urban employment, driving wages down

3.答案：A

题型：事实信息题

解析：题干问“更多的人居住在欧洲城市里意味着什么”定位到第二段第一句“and the proportion of Europeans living in cities of 10,000 or more and thus dependent on the market for what they consumed expanded from less than 6 percent to nearly 8 percent during the same period.”可知选项A表述正确。

4. Which of the following is discussed in paragraph 2 as contributing to the growth in the market for manufactured goods that occurred in Europe after 1500?

A.Lower costs for food and housing

B.Advancements in manufacturing technology

C.Higher incomes

D.Increased property ownership by farmers

4.答案：C

题型：事实信息题

解析：根据题干信息“contributing to the growth in the market for manufactured goods”定位到第二段前两句“Population grew from 61 million in 1500 to 78 million a century later, and the proportion of Europeans living in cities of 10,000 or more--and thus dependent on the market for what they consumed--expanded from less than 6 percent to nearly 8 percent during the same period. More important than sheer numbers, many Europeans' incomes rose.”可知选项C正确。

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