2014年3月23日第三篇托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Environmental Impact of the Anasazi

本次考试的3篇阅读真题，小编都已经拿到，3篇阅读真题分别为Environmental Impact of the Anasazi、Early Modern Industrialization、From Fish to Terrestrial Vertebrates。最后一篇，一起来看看！

2014年3月23日第三篇托福阅读真题+题目+答案：Environmental Impact of the Anasazi

Industrialoutput increased smartly across nearly all of Europe between 1450 and 1575. Although trade with the Americas had something to do with this, the main determinants of this industrial advance lay within Europe itself.

1. The word “ultimately” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A.quietly

B.gradually

C.eventually

D.simply

答案：C

2. According to paragraph 1, other archaeologists differ from Tim Kohler in giving which of the following as the reason for the abandonment of settlements by the Anasazi?

A.The nature of human interaction with the environment

B.A large increase in population over a short period of time

C.The way in which people gathered together in villages

D.A limited production of corn due to one short growing season after another

答案：D

3. According to paragraph 1, Kohler views all of the following as changes that occurred as a result of increased population growth EXCEPT

A.the organizationof the people into villages

B.the improvement of local soils

C.increased food production

D.a decrease in the number of trees in the area

答案：B

Population grew from 61 million in 1500 to 78 million a century later, and the proportion of Europeans living in cities of 10,000 or more—and thus dependent on the market for what they consumed—expanded from less than 6 percent to nearly 8 percent during the same period. More important than sheer numbers, many Europeans’ incomes rose. This was especially true among more fully employed urban groups, farmers who benefited from higher prices and the intensifying commercialization and specialization in agriculture (which also led them to shed much non-agricultural production in favor of purchased goods), and landlords and other property owners who collected mounting rents. Government activities to build and strengthen the state were a stimulus to numerous industries, notably shipbuilding, textiles, and metallurgy. To cite just one example, France hastened to develop its own iron industry when the Hapsburgs—the family that governed much of Europe, and whom France fought repeatedly in the sixteenth century—came to dominate the manufacture of weapons in Germany and the cities of Liege and Milan, which boasted Europe’s most advanced technology.

4. The word “substantial” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A.gradual

B.appropriate

C.apparent

D.significant

答案：D

5. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 2 as changes over time in the pattern of wood use in prehistoric settlements EXCEPT:

A.Cottonwood was increasingly used in hearths.

B.Fewer pinon trees were used in building construction.

C.Juniper wood was increasingly used in hearths.

D.The pinon wood used in construction came increasingly from older trees.

答案：C

6. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that juniper

A.is less valuable nutritionally than pinon is

B.is easily destroyed by fire

C.produces fewer seeds per plant than pinon does

D.reproduces easily in the presence of pinon

答案：A

7. In paragraph 2, why does the author compare the use of juniper with pinon in the construction of buildings?

A.To prove that juniper is more suitable for building construction than pinon is

B.To indicate that the choice of wood for building construction depended on the age of the tree species

C.To support the claim that wood use changed over time in a patterned way

D.To identify the features of juniper that made the Anasazi use it more often than pinon for constructing buildings

答案：C

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