托福TPO67阅读真题+题目+答案下载：Taxonomy of Organisms

托福TPO67阅读真题+题目+答案下载：Taxonomy of Organisms

[Paragraph 1] Classification schemes are used by biologists to place the huge number of organisms on Earth into natural groupings. Ideally, these groupings are made by taxonomists on the basis of shared distinguishing features. Today taxonomists use such features as anatomy, developmental stages, and biochemical similarities to categorize organisms. Early classification schemes placed all organisms into either the plant or animal kingdom. Later, close examination of the unique structure of fungi and the diversity of single-celled organisms made it necessary to propose additional kingdoms that recognized the fundamental differences among plants, animals, fungi, and unicellular prokaryotes (organisms whose cells do not have a distinct membrane-bound nucleus) and eukaryotes (organisms whose cells have a distinct membrane-bound nucleus). The current scheme consisting of five kingdoms— Monera, Protista, Apimalia, Fungi, and Plantae—was devised in response to this need.

[Paragraph 2] Scientists do not know how many species share our world Each year 7000 to10,000 new species are named. The total number of named species is currently around 1.4 million. However, many scientists believe that 7 million to 10 million species may exist, and estimates range as high as 30 million. Of all of the species that have been identified, about 5 percent are in the Monera and Protista kingdoms. An additional 22 percent are plants and fungi, and the rest are animals. This distribution has little to do with the actual abundance of these organisms and a lot to do with the size of the organisms, how easy they are to classify, and the number of scientists studying them.

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托福TPO67阅读真题Taxonomy of Organisms题目：

1. (单选题)Paragraph 1 mentions all of the following as features that taxonomists consider when grouping organisms EXCEPT

A. the size of the organism

B. the physical structure of the organism

C. the changes organisms undergo at specific stages

D. biochemical characteristics that organisms have in common

2. (单选题)The discussion of fungi in paragraph 1 suggests that the study of fungi was important for

A. establishing the earliest classification system

B. improving our understanding of single-celled organisms

C. recognizing the inadequacy of the early classification systems

D. understanding the features that distinguish plants from animals

3. (单选题)The word “devised" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. studied

B. refined

C. tested

D. created

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