TPO70阅读真题+题目+答案下载：Nineteenth-Century Theories of Mountain Formation

TPO70阅读真题+题目+答案下载：Nineteenth-Century Theories of Mountain Formation

One of the central scientific questions of nineteenth-century geology was the origin of mountains How were they formed"? What process squeezed and folded rocks like bread dough"? What made Earth's surface move"? Most theories invoked terrestrial contraction as a causal force It was widely believed that Earth had formed as a hot incandescent body and had been steadily cooling since the beginning of geological time Because most materials contract as they cool it seemed logical to assume that Earth had been contracting as it cooled, too As it did, its surface would have deformed producing mountains。

In Europe, Austrian geologist Eduard Suess (1831-1914) popularized the image of Earth as a drying apple as the planet contracted its surface wrinkled to accommodate the diminished surface area Suess assumed that Earth's initial crust was continuous but broke apart as the interior shrank The collapsed portions formed the ocean basins, the remaining elevated portions formed the continents With continued cooling the original continents became unstable and collapsed to form the next generation of ocean floor and what had formerly been ocean now became dry land Over the course of geological history there would be a continual interchange of land and sea a periodic rearrangement of the landmasses。

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1、(单选题) According to paragraph 1, most nineteenth-century theories of mountain formation were based on which of the following ideas'?

A.The heat released at the time of Earth’s formation caused rocks to fold

B.Earth’s surface expanded and stretched because the planet had become hot

C.Earth's surface shrank and deformed as the planet cooled over time

D.Movements of Earth’s surface due to frequent expansion and contraction pushed rocks upward

2、(单选题) For which of the following purposes did Suess use the image of “a drying apple ”?

A.To show that Earth's crust had to have been continuous at first

B.To show how the processes that led to the formation of ocean basins differed from those that led to the formation of continents

C.To prove that Earth's continents and ocean floors were not stable

D.To explain how Earth’s surface wrinkled over a shrunken interior

3、(单选题) According to paragraph 3, how did Suess explain the occurrence of similar fossils on various continents?

A.Continents and oceans exchanged materials so the fossil record was not unique to a specific region

B.Initially the landmasses that make up today's continents were one continuous landmass

C.The species associated with these fossils gradually spread across the world’s continents

D.Coastal terrestrial sediments contained similar fossils across continents

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