TPO70阅读真题+题目+答案下载：Functionalism

TPO70阅读真题+题目+答案下载：Functionalism

In biology, different parts of an organism may be described by their functions or the parts they play in maintaining the life of the whole organism Functionalism in social science similarly looks for the role (function) some aspect of culture or social life plays in maintaining a system Two quite different schools of functionalism arose in conjunction with two British anthropologists—Bronislaw Malinowski (1884-1942) and A R Radcliffe-Brown (1881-1955)

Malinowski's version of functionalism assumes that all cultural traits serve the needs of individuals in a society—that is the function of a cultural trait is its ability to satisfy some basic or derived need of the members of the group The basic needs include nutrition reproduction bodily comfort safety relaxation movement and growth Some aspects of the culture satisfy these basic needs In doing so they give rise to derived needs that must also be satisfied For example cultural traits that satisfy the basic need for food give rise to the secondary or derived need for cooperation in food collection or production Societies will in turn develop forms of political organization and social control that guarantee the required cooperation How did Malinowski explain such things as religion and magic? He suggested that since humans always live with a certain amount of uncertainty and anxiety they need stability and continuity Religion and magic are functional in that they serve those needs。

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1、(单选题) According to paragraph 2, how does silt affect the Yellow River?

A.The large amount of silt causes the river to dry up

B.The buildup of silt blocks the flow of water

C.The silt blows across the river into vast areas

D.The flow of silt damages the soil around the river

2、(单选题) The word execute in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.move

B.produce

C.design

D.include

3、(单选题) Why does the author mention "Duke Huan and the first emperor of the Qin dynasty in the passage?

A.To question the accuracy of the available historical evidence about ancient China

B.To contrast the methods these rulers used to control water flow

C.To indicate the efficiency of laws in ancient China

D.To provide evidence for a claim made about the development of Chinese political unification

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