2014年5月11日托福阅读真题P1+题目+答案：Determining the Ages of the Planets and the Universe

5月11日的托福阅读三篇真题，The Multiplier Effect、Costs and Benefits of Dispersal、Determining the Ages of the Planets and the Universe。相应的真题原文、题目和答案，我们一篇一篇分享。

2014年5月11日托福阅读真题P1+题目+答案：Determining the Ages of the Planets and the Universe

The planets of our solar system all revolve around the Sun in the same direction and in orbits that lie in nearly the same plane. This is strong evidence that the planets formed simultaneously from a single disk of material that rotated in the same direction as the modern planets.

Precisely when the planets came into being has been a difficult issue to resolve. While Earth’s water is necessary for life, its abundance near the planet’s surface makes rapid erosion inevitable. Continuous alteration of the crust by erosion and also by igneous (volcanic) and metamorphic (pressure and heat within Earth) processes makes unlikely any discovery of rocks nearly as old as Earth. Thus geologists have had to look beyond this planet in their efforts to date Earth’s origin. Fortunately, we do have samples of rock that appear to represent the primitive material of the solar system. These samples are meteorites, which originate as extraterrestrial objects, called meteors, that have been captured in Earth’s gravitational field and have then crashed into our planet.

1. According to paragraphs 1 and 2, what evidence leads astronomers to believe that all the planets formed at approximately the same time?

A.Samples of rocks from all the planets are the same age.

B.All the planets orbit the Sun in the same direction and in about the same plane.

C.All planets have the same igneous and metamorphic processes.

D.The gravitational field of each planet is about the same strength.

2. The word ”inevitable” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A.continuous

B.obvious

C.certain

D.easy

3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a cause of constant change to Earth’s crust?

A.Water

B.Igneous processes

C.Metamorphic processes

D.Meteorites

Some meteorites consist of rocky material and, accordingly, are called stony meteorites. Others are metallic and have been designated iron meteorites even though they contain lesser amounts of elements other than iron. Still others consist of mixtures of rocky and metallic material and thus are called stony-iron meteorites. Meteors come in all sizes, from small particles to the small planets known as asteroids; no asteroid, however, has struck Earth during recorded human history. Many meteorites appear to be fragments of larger bodies that have undergone collisions and broken into pieces. Iron meteorites are fragments of the interiors of these bodies, comparable to Earth’s core, and stony meteorites are from outer portions of these bodies, comparable to Earth’s mantle (the layer between the core and outer crust).

4. The word ” accordingly” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A.correspondingly

B.frequently

C.interestingly

D.informally

5. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about meteorites?

A.Their composition can help determine the part of the larger body from which they broke off.

B.They are difficult to distinguish from rocks in Earth’s mantle.

C.Their collisions with Earth have become more frequent than in the past.

D.They are older than the rest of the solar system.

6. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is a characteristic of asteroids?

A.They are the largest meteors.

B.They are made mostly of iron and other metals.

C.They often collide with Earth.

D.They are the oldest meteors.

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