TPO59听力Lecture4原文+MP3+题目+答案下载

TPO59听力Lecture4原文+MP3+题目+答案下载

TPO59听力Lecture4原文：

listen to part of a lecture in a history class. now, we've said that during the second half of the middle ages, starting with uh, the 10th century, really the towns in western europe began to grow, and many new towns appeared. now the economic activity of these medieval pounds. Well, it began to be controlled by two kinds of groups. what happened is that merchant started to band together to, uh, well, it was a way to maximize their power and impose more control over economic activity of a town. and in response to the merchants, the crafts people of the town also started to organize and to form groups or um, associations. and these groups were called guilds. so craft guilds were groups of people who share the same occupation.

he had a guild for butchers, and guild for bakers, one for weavers, one for metalworkers, and um, so on. For all different crafts, the merchant guilds were associations of people who sold and traded goods, all sorts of goods. they controlled the market for buying and selling goods. Okay? and there were other guilds too, but the craft and merchant guilds, well, these were the businesses that contributed most to the expansion of trade and to the economic situations in towns. for one, they standardized weights and measures. And well, just about every aspect of the work of the guilt. this increased consumer confidence, because you see once there were standards of weights and measures, you could be sure that a loaf of bread from one baker, say would be the same size as a loaf of bread from another. they also standardized the way things were made, the quality of production.

So they were really beneficial for production. gills were also beneficial to their members because they regulated prices and work hours. and they didn't allow crafts people or merchants to come from other towns to sell their goods. so not only did this kind of regulation give consumers more confidence in what they were buying, right? Because you got standardized weights and measures, but it also protected guild members. and all of this helped increase trade. wait a second. So so you're saying that if I were a baker in one town, I couldn't go to the next town over and sell my bread. it hard to believe. I know. But think about it. Each town had its own guilt. there was more than one baker in town, and they'd all belong to the same guilt. but breads from other towns not allowed. that protected the local crafts people from outside competition, which of course made their own jobs more secure. now, to join a guild, you had to go through a specific process first parents contracted with a master craftsperson to take on their son as an apprentice, uh, for a fixed term of service, usually seven years. during this time, the apprentice was trained in the elements of the trade and then became a journeyman.

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TPO59听力Lecture4题目：

1. What aspect of the Middle Ages is the lecture mainly about?

A. Ways in which craftspeople improved their productivity

B. The increasing dependence of towns on one another for economic stability

C. Reasons why trade expanded in medieval society

D. How businesses were organized and regulated

2. According to the professor, what was one of the benefits that guilds provided?

A. They established rules for how things shou ld be made

B. They established a standardized system of banking

C. They promoted competition between merchants from different towns.

D. They paid wages to retired craftspeople.

3. The professor describes the process by which someone m the Middle Ages became a master of a trade Put the steps in the correct order

Click on a phrase Then drag it to the space where it belongs

1

2

3

4

Answer Choices

A. Become a guild member

B. Work as a journeyman

C. Perform seven years of apprenticeship

D. Produce a masterpiece

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