TPO61阅读真题+题目+答案下载：Physical Properties of Minerals

TPO61阅读真题+题目+答案下载：Physical Properties of Minerals

[ Paragraph 1 ] A mineral is a naturally occurring solid formed by inorganic processes. Since the internal structure and chemical composition of a mineral are difficult to determine without the aid of sophisticated tests and apparatus, the more easily recognized physical properties are used in identification.

1. The word "apparatus' in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. equipment

B. procedures

C. experiments

D. laboratories

[ Paragraph 2 ] Most people think of a crystal as a rare commodity, when in fact most inorganic solid objects are composed of crystals. The reason for this misconception is that most crystals do not exhibit their crystal form: the external form of a mineral that reflects the orderly internal arrangement of its atoms. Whenever a mineral forms without space restrictions, individual crystals with well-formed crystal faces will develop Some crystals, such as those of the mineral quartz, have a very distinctive crystal form that can be helpful in identification. However, most of the time, crystal growth is interrupted because of competition for space, resulting in an intergrown mass of crystals, none of which exhibits crystal form.

2. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is a mistaken belief that people have about crystals?

A. Crystals always have a well-formed shape

B. Minerals are generally composed of crystals.

C. The atoms of a crystal have an orderly arrangement.

D. Crystals are always solid and inorganic.

[ Paragraph 3] Although color is an obvious feature of a mineral, it is often an unreliable diagnostic property. Slight impurities in the common mineral quartz, for example, give it a variety of colors, including pink, purple (amethyst), white, and even black. When a mineral, such as quartz, exhibits a variety of colors, it is said to possess exotic coloration. Exotic coloration is usually caused by the inclusion of impurities, such as foreign ions, in the crystalline structure Other mineralsfor example, su lfur, which is yellow, and malachite, which is bright green-are said to have inherent coloration because their color is a consequence of their chemical makeup and does not vary significantly.

3. Why is the color of a mineral an "an unreliable diagnostic property"?

A. Different minerals can have the same color

B. The color is often not a result of the chemical makeup that determines the identity of the mineral.

C. The color of a mineral cannot be predicted from knowing what foreign ions it contains.

D. No two pieces of the same mineral have exactly the same color.

4. The word "inherent" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. bright

B. essential

C. superficial

D. transparent

[ Paragraph 4] Streak is the color of a mineral in its powdered form and is obtained by rubbing a mineral across a plate of unglazed porcelain. Whereas the color of a mineral often varies from sample to sample, the streak usually does not and is therefore the more reliable property.

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